New York's primary keep-right rule is found in Vehicle and Traffic Law §1120.
A vehicle traveling at less than the normal speed of traffic under the conditions then existing generally must be driven in the right-hand lane available for traffic, or as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway.
This slower-traffic rule does not apply when the driver is overtaking and passing another vehicle traveling in the same direction or when preparing for a left turn at an intersection or into a private road or driveway.
New York also generally requires vehicles to be driven on the right half of the roadway, subject to exceptions for passing, avoiding obstructions, one-way roadways and certain marked lane configurations.
When overtaking another vehicle, the passing driver generally must pass on the left at a safe distance and may not return to the right until safely clear of the overtaken vehicle.
New York law also prohibits driving so slowly that it impedes the normal and reasonable movement of traffic unless the reduced speed is necessary for safe operation or required by law.
Exceptions
- Overtaking and passing another vehicle traveling in the same direction.
- Preparing for a lawful left turn at an intersection or into a private road or driveway.
- Avoiding an obstruction when moving left is necessary and can be done safely.
- Traveling on a one-way roadway.
- Using lanes permitted by the roadway's marked lane configuration or official traffic-control devices.
Penalties
A violation of New York's keep-right rule is generally treated as a traffic infraction when no more specific penalty applies.
Under Vehicle and Traffic Law §1800, a first conviction for a traffic infraction without another specified penalty may carry a fine of up to $150, imprisonment of up to 15 days, or both.
A second qualifying violation committed within 18 months may carry a fine of up to $300, and a third or subsequent qualifying violation within 18 months may carry a fine of up to $450. Additional fees, surcharges or other consequences may also apply.
Official Source
New York Vehicle and Traffic Law §1120 - Drive on Right Side of Roadway; Exceptions
Last verified: October 10, 2026